Twentieth Century
Subject Index
1971-1999
Compiled
by: Andrew Crenshaw
Contributors:
Ron Bentley, Joe Cartafalsa, , Jack Dykhouse and Emory Earl Toops.
Preface
The Society of
Indo-China Philatelists is indebted to a number of members for bringing the
index of the Indo-China Philatelist
current through the twentieth century.
It is hoped that this index will continue the tradition of providing the
philatelic researcher with a subject guide through the issues of The
Indo-China Philatelist. This index is a subject index only, and the
references are indicated by the Whole Number issue in bold type followed by the page number in normal type.
For
historical reference, the editors of The Indo-China Philatelist were as follows:
James
D. Hogbin Jan
1971 - Aug 1972 Whole
Numbers 1 - 7
Owen
C. Davis Mar
1975 Whole
Number 16
James
D. Hogbin Mar
1976 - May 1976 Whole
Numbers 17 - 18
(Vacant) Nov/Dec
1984 - Jul/Aug 1985 Whole
Numbers 68 - 72
George
E. DeMeritte III Sep/Oct
1985 - Jul/Aug 1994 Whole
Numbers 73 - 126
Terry
A. Barham Sep/Oct
1995 Jan/Jun 1999 Whole
Numbers 127 - 140
Dates of
issue for Whole Numbers were as follows:
Whole No 1 Vol. 1, No 1 Jan 1971
|
|
Whole No 71 Vol. 15, No 3 - May/Jun 1985 |
Whole No 2 Vol. 1, No 2 Mar 1971 |
|
Whole No 72 Vol. 15, No 4 - Jul/Aug 1985 |
Whole No 3 Vol. 1, No 3 May 1971 |
|
Whole No 73 Vol. 15, No 5 - Sep/Oct 1985 |
Whole No 4 Vol. 1, No 4 July 1971 |
|
Whole No 74 Vol. 15, No 6 - Nov/Dec 1985 |
Whole No 5 Vol. 1, No 5 Dec 1971 |
|
Whole No 75 Vol. 16, No 1 Jan/Feb 1986 |
Whole No 6 Vol. 2, No 1 Feb 1972 |
|
Whole No 76 Vol. 16, No 2 Mar/Apr 1986 |
Whole No 7 Vol. 2, No 2 Jun 1972 |
|
Whole No 77 Vol. 16, No 3 May/Jun 1986 |
Whole No 8 Vol. 2, No 3 Oct 1972 |
|
Whole No 78 Vol. 16, No 4 Jul/Aug 1986 |
Whole No 9 Vol. 2, No 4 Dec 1972 |
|
Whole No 79 Vol. 16, No 5 Sep/Oct 1986 |
Whole No 10 Vol. 3, No 1 Feb 1973 |
|
Whole No 80 Vol. 16, No 6 Nov/Dec 1986 |
Whole No 11 Vol. 3, No 2 Apr 1973 |
|
Whole No 81 Vol. 17, No 1 Jan/Feb 1987 |
Whole No 12 Vol. 3, No 3 Jun 1973 |
|
Whole No 82 Vol. 17, No 2 Mar/Apr 1987 |
Whole No 13 Vol. 3, No 4 Aug 1973 |
|
Whole No 83 Vol. 17, No 3 May/Jun 1987 |
Whole No 14 Vol. 3, No 5 Nov 1973 |
|
Whole No 84 Vol. 17, No 4 Jul/Aug 1987 |
Whole No 15 Vol. 4, No 1 Feb 1974 |
|
Whole No 85 Vol. 17, No 5 Sep/Oct 1987 |
Whole No 16 Vol. 5, No 1 Mar 1975 |
|
Whole No 86 Vol. 17, No 6 Nov/Dec 1987 |
Whole No 17 Vol. 6, No 1 Mar 1976 |
|
Whole No 87 Vol. 18, No 1 Jan/Feb 1988 |
Whole No 18 Vol. 6, No 2 May 1976 |
|
Whole No 88 Vol. 18, No 2 Mar/Apr 1988 |
Whole No 19 Vol. 6, No 3 Aug 1976 |
|
Whole No 89 Vol. 18, No 3 May/Jun 1988 |
Whole No 20 Vol. 6, No 4 Dec 1976 |
|
Whole No 90 Vol. 18, No 4 Jul/Aug 1988 |
Whole No 21 Vol. 7, No 1 Jan 1977 |
|
Whole No 91 Vol. 18, No 5 Sep/Oct 1988 |
Whole No 22 Vol. 7, No 2 Mar 1977 |
|
Whole No 92 Vol. 18, No 6 Nov/Dec 1988 |
Whole No 23 Vol. 7, No 3 May 1977 |
|
Whole No 93 Vol. 19, No 1 Jan/Feb 1989 |
Whole No 24 Vol. 7, No 4 Jul 1977 |
|
Whole No 94 Vol. 19, No 2 Mar/Apr 1989 |
Whole No 25 Vol. 7, No 5 Sep 1977 |
|
Whole No 95 Vol. 19, No 3 May/Jun 1989 |
Whole No 26 Vol. 7, No 6 Nov 1977 |
|
Whole No 96 Vol. 19, No 4 Jul/Aug 1989 |
Whole No 27 Vol. 8, No 1 Jan 1978 |
|
Whole No 97 Vol. 19, No 5 Sep/Oct 1989 |
Whole No 28 Vol. 8, No 2 Mar 1978 |
|
Whole No 98 Vol. 19, No 6 Nov/Dec 1989 |
Whole No 29 Vol. 8, No 3 May 1978 |
|
Whole No 99 Vol. 20, No 1 Jan/Feb 1990 |
Whole No 30 Vol. 8, No 4 Jul 1978 |
|
Whole No 100 Vol. 20, No 2 Mar/Apr
1990 |
Whole No 31 Vol. 8, No 5 Sep 1978 |
|
Whole No 101 Vol. 20, No 3 May/Jun
1990 |
Whole No 32 Vol. 8, No 6 Nov 1978 |
|
Whole No 102 Vol. 20, No 4 Jul/Aug
1990 |
Whole No 33 Vol. 9, No 1 Jan 1979 |
|
Whole No 103 Vol. 20, No 5 Sep/Oct
1990 |
Whole No 34 Vol. 9, No 2 Mar 1979 |
|
Whole No 104 Vol. 20, No 6 Nov/Dec
1990 |
Whole No 35 Vol. 9, No 3 May 1979 |
|
Whole No 105 Vol. 21, No 1 - Jan/Feb
1991 |
Whole No 36 Vol. 9, No 4 Jul 1979 |
|
Whole No 106 Vol. 21, No 2 - Mar/Apr
1991 |
Whole No 37 Vol. 9, No 5 Sep 1979 |
|
Whole No 107 Vol. 21, No 3 - May/Jun
1991 |
Whole No 38 Vol. 9, No 6 Nov 1979 |
|
Whole No 108 Vol. 21, No 4 - Jul/Aug
1991 |
Whole No 39 Vol. 10, No 1 Jan 1980 |
|
Whole No 109 Vol. 21, No 5 - Sep/Oct
1991 |
Whole No 40 Vol. 10, No 2 Mar 1980 |
|
Whole No 110 Vol. 21, No 6 - Nov/Dec
1991 |
Whole No 41 Vol. 10, No 3 May 1980 |
|
Whole No 111 Vol. 22, No 1 - Jan/Feb
1992 |
Whole No 42 Vol. 10, No 4 Jul 1980 |
|
Whole No 112 Vol. 22, No 2 - Mar/Apr
1992 |
Whole No 43 Vol. 10, No 5 Sep 1980 |
|
Whole No 113 Vol. 22, No 3 - May/Jun
1992 |
Whole No 44 Vol. 10, No 6 Nov 1980 |
|
Whole No 114 Vol. 22, No 4 - Jul/Aug
1992 |
Whole No 45 Vol. 11, No 1 - Jan 1981 |
|
Whole No 115 Vol. 22, No 5 - Sep/Oct
1992 |
Whole No 46 Vol. 11, No 2 - Mar 1981 |
|
Whole No 116 Vol. 22, No 6 - Nov/Dec
1992 |
Whole No 47 Vol. 11, No 3 - May 1981 |
|
Whole No 117 Vol. 23, No 1 - Jan/Feb
1993 |
Whole No 48 Vol. 11, No 4 - Jul 1981 |
|
Whole No 118 Vol. 23, No 2 - Mar/Apr
1993 |
Whole No 49 Vol. 11, No 5 - Sep 1981 |
|
Whole No 119 Vol. 23, No 3 - May/Jun
1993 |
Whole No 50 Vol. 11, No 6 - Nov 1981 |
|
Whole No 120 Vol. 23, No 4 - Jul/Aug
1993 |
Whole No 51 Vol. 12, No 1 - Jan 1982 |
|
Whole No 121 Vol. 23, No 5 - Sep/Oct
1993 |
Whole No 52 Vol. 12, No 2 - Mar 1982 |
|
Whole No 122 Vol. 23, No 6 - Nov/Dec
1993 |
Whole No 53 Vol. 12, No 3 - May 1982 |
|
Whole No 123 Vol. 24, No 1 - Jan/Feb
1994 |
Whole No 54 Vol. 12, No 4 - Jul 1982 |
|
Whole No 124 Vol. 24, No 2 - Mar/Apr
1994 |
Whole No 55 Vol. 12, No 5 - Sep 1982 |
|
Whole No 125 Vol. 24, No 3 - May/Jun
1994 |
Whole No 56 Vol. 12, No 6 - Nov 1982 |
|
Whole No 126 Vol. 24, No 4 - Jul/Aug
1995 |
Whole No 57 Vol. 13, No 1 - Jan/Feb 1983 |
|
Whole No 127 Vol. 24, No 5 -Sep/Oct 1995 |
Whole No 58 Vol. 13, No 2 - Mar/Apr 1983 |
|
Whole No 128 Vol. 25, No 1 - Jan/Mar
1996 |
Whole No 59 Vol. 13, No 3 - May/Jun 1983 |
|
Whole No 129 Vol. 25, No 2 - Apr/Jun
1996 |
Whole No 60 Vol. 13, No 4 - Jul/Aug 1983 |
|
Whole No 130 Vol. 25, No 3 - Jul/Sep
1996 |
Whole No 61 Vol. 13, No 5 - Sep/Oct 1983 |
|
Whole No 131 Vol. 25, No 4 - Oct/Dec
1996 |
Whole No 62 Vol. 13, No 6 - Nov/Dec 1983 |
|
Whole No 132 Vol. 26, No 1 - Jan/Mar
1997 |
Whole No 63 Vol. 14, No 1 - Jan/Feb 1984 |
|
Whole No 133 Vol. 27, No 2 - Apr/Jun
1997 |
Whole No 64 Vol. 14, No 2 - Mar/Apr 1984 |
|
Whole No 134 Vol. 27, No 3 - Jul/Sep
1997 |
Whole No 65 Vol. 14, No 3 - May/Jun 1984 |
|
Whole No 135 Vol. 27, No 4 - Oct/Dec
1997 |
Whole No 66 Vol. 14, No 4 - Jul/Aug 1984 |
|
Whole
No 136 Vol. 28, No 1 - Jan/Mar 1998 |
Whole No 67 Vol. 14, No 5 - Sep/Oct 1984 |
|
Whole No 137 Vol. 28, No 2 - Apr/Jun
1998 |
Whole No 68 Vol. 14, No 6 - Nov/Dec 1984 |
|
Whole No 138 Vol. 28, No 3 Jul/Sep
1998 |
Whole No 69 Vol. 15, No 1 - Jan/Feb 1985 |
|
Whole No 139 Vol. 28, No 4 - Oct/Dec
1998 |
Whole No 70 Vol. 15, No 2 - Mar/Apr 1985 |
|
Whole No 140 Vol. 29, No 1 - Jan/Jun
1999 |
A membership roster as of 25 May 1996 was
published with Whole Number 130.
Back issues are available from the Executive
Secretary. The current cost is $3.00
per issue. For large numbers of back
issues, write the secretary for reduced rates.
Please report errors in this listing to the editor of the Indo-China
Philatelist so that they may
be corrected in later printings.
Twentieth Century Subject Index
Rules
1-8,
2-23, 5-40, 18-23, 36-23
Summaries
12-15,
18-34
Number
Listings
Prices Realized
#1
3-21
4-24
#2
4-24
5-40
#3
5-37
6-8
#4
6-7
7-44
#5
7-42
9-26
#6
8-19
10-8
#7
10-7
11-37
#8
11-23
13-30
#9
13-27
15-12
#10 Mailed
Separately
15-12
#11 Mailed
Separately
16-4
#12 Mailed
Separately Mailed
with Auction #15
#13 Mailed
Separately Mailed
with Auction #15
#14 Mailed
Separately
17-9
#15 Mailed
Separately
17-9
#16 Mailed
Separately
18-33
#17
18-27
Indo-Info No 1 - 2
#18
Indo-Info No 1 - 2
21-10
#19
22-12
23-3
#20
25-19
26-26
#21
27-10
22-23
#22
28-38
32-16
#23
30-14
32-16
#24
31-22
33-24
#25
33-16
35-13
#26
34-25
36-22
#27
35-8
37-35
#28
37-22
39-28
#29
38-12
40-27
#30
40-19
41-28
#31
41-16
45-32, 46-62
#32
43-18
48-119
#33
44-18
49-138
#34
46-53
91-91
#35
48-109
51-18
#36
50-150
53-56
#37
53-51
58-36
#38
56-101
60-70
#39
65-48
68-79
#40
72-72
#41
73-79
75-18
#42
77-39
79-90
#43
80-93
83-51
#44
85-74
88-28
#45
87-10
91-90
#46
90-55
94-35
#47
95-37
99-17
#48
102-55
106-30
#49
108-53
112-40
#50
109-93
#51
122-89
126-56
#52
127-59
128-9
#53
131-63
133-28
#54
135-50
137-25
#55
138-45
140-15
#56
140-16 (
141-5)
7-22, 8-24, 10-14, 11-19, 12-17, 13-8, 28-42
Decorations and Medals of the Republic
of South Vietnam and Her Allies, 1950-1975
136-10
French Colonies Revenues Catalog
104-109,
117-10, 118-32, 119-50, 121-86
Laos Reappears in Scott Catalog
89-49
New Album for Democratic Republic of
Vietnam 125-43
New Catalog Reflects
73-75
Revenue Stamps Catalog
18-11,
19-25, 20-12, 21-11, 22-14, 23-13, 24-16, 25-21, 26-17, 27-19, 28-30, 38-9, 42-12, 42-26
A Matter of Being Too Busy
62-101
A Return to Cambodia
69-4
A Word from Kampuchea
62-96
Adding Interest to Collecting Laos and
Cambodia 140-11
Ancient Temples of Cambodia
76-31
Angkor Ruins 5-21, 22-10, 33-5
Bibliography 115-87
Booklet 1-15, 2-6
Cancellations 3-9, 7-11, 7-15, 13-12, 34-21
Kampot
Cancel 96-66
Censor Markings
1-11,
14-5
Covers 6-18, 7-15, 13-12
Letters
from the War: PAV in Cambodia
83-53
Errors & Varieties
7-3,
23-15, 25-13, 38-13, 44-21
First Day Covers
44-1
First Flight Covers
3-9,
33-26
First Issue 13-12
French Colonial Period (1863-1954)
131-55
General Survey Articles
3-11, 5-22, 6-18, 16-2, 22-10, 25-5, 32-10, 33-3, 33-5, 34-9, 36-9, 37-32, 38-22, 39-24, 41-10, 41-25, 42-24, 44-27
Gold Foil Stamps
11-27,
14-23, 24-5, 27-4, 37-32, 38-22, 39-23
Indian Field Post Offices in Indo-China
(1954-1968) 129-17
International Cooperation Year
30-10,
35-18, 41-18
Labels from Cambodia
83-650
Musical Instruments Issue
25-5,
26-9, 41-19
New Issues 4-14, 5-10, 9-24, 11-27, 14-23, 15-9, 16-5,
25-5, 116-109, 116-110, 118-35, 118-36, 120-72
Kampucheas
Program for 1983 60-67
Overprinted Stamps from Phnom
Penh 64-21
Press Release from Sihanouk
103-88
Revenue Stamps
26-17,
33-25, 35-16
Shopping a Flea Market in Holland
92-104
Socialist Republic of Vietnam Forces in
Cambodia and Laos 114-64
Specialty Items
11-13,
31-10, 35-18, 40-20, 41-18
Thai Administration
37-36
US Embargo on Cambodian Stamps, End
of 124-23
Values 3-11
Airmail Cachet
8-28
APO
1-9, 8-27, 14-8, 15-13, 43-30
Bogus Octagonal Maritime Marking
126-52,
126-54
Cambodia 3-9, 7-11, 7-15, 13-12, 34-21
Kampot
Cancel 96-66
Cochinchina 7-11, 7-18, 15-3, 15-18, 15-32, 17-17, 34-10
Forgeries 20-7, 21-20, 29-5
French Indo-China
4-18,
7-6, 7-18, 8-28, 10-9, 11-5, 12-4, 13-11, 14-16, 16-13, 17-17, 19-22, 20-7, 29-13, 30-6, 32-10, 33-4, 34-10, 34-22, 35-4, 39-25, 39-27, 41-17, 42-9, 43-5
French Offices in China
5-7,
6-18, 7-12, 7-34, 30-5, 39-26
H62 Killer in Hanoi-Haiphong
47-78
I.C.C.S. 14-6, 15-4, 15-37
Khmer Republic
34-12
Laos
2-14, 8-27, 9-18, 11-4, 12-11, 13-12, 14-23, 19-5, 24-3, 31-5, 33-4, 34-21, 34-22, 35-5
Bilingual
Cancels 136-4
Cease-Fire
Cancellation 24-3, 31-9
Temporary
Postmarks 3-1, 3-9, 10-16, 11-21, 24-3, 31-5
Lozenge Obliterators
34-10,
35-4
French
Colonies 1860-92 (note on availability of monograph) 103-88
Machine Cancels
6-9,
7-19, 13-12, 14-20, 18-5, 24-6, 39-23
Maritime 7-18, 11-7, 19-22, 27-22, 29-13
Mengtzo 5-7, 7-34
New Indo-China Cancel?
48-116
North Vietnam 14-18, 28-23, 37-11, 40-11
Paquebot 11-6, 16-2
Postal Meters
Indo-China
1949-75 58-19, 65-40, 69-5
Vietnam
67-68,
(Corrections) 68-90, 70-25, 70-35, (Updates)
74-107
Rural
7-10, 13-14, 43-19
Saigon Foire Exposition
4-1,
9-11, 40-25
South Vietnam Military
11-4,
13-19, 20-4, 41-26
Stung Treng 5-7, 7-34, 32-10
Temporary 3-1, 3-9, 10-16, 11-21, 24-3, 31-5
Vietnam 13-12, 18-4, Indo-Info No 1 - 6, 21-3,
42-5
Covers 6-17
First Issues 15-18
Forgeries 23-9
Bogus Issues of Early North/Central
Vietnam 134-44
Bogus Octagonal Maritime Marking
(Cochinchina) 126-52, 126-54
Bogus Revenue Stamps
7-5,
42-12
Bogus Viet Minh Stamps
88-32,
89-48
Cochinchina Forgeries
23-9
Forged Cancellations
20-7,
21-20, 29-5
Indo-China Forgeries
7-4,
20-7, 21-21, 23-9, 25-8, 29-5, 29-12, 42-12, 44-7
North Vietnam Ho Chi Minh Bogus
Issue 14-21, 40-24
Propaganda Forgery of North Vietnamese Stamp
113-54
South Vietnam Fake FDC
103-91
French Indo-China
7-13,
44-4
Indian Army Postal Service
34-18
Indo-China 7-13, 44-4, 116-97, 116-98, 116-102, 116-103, 116-104, 116-107
Laos
3-6, 3-40, 5-3, 7-25, 8-9, 10-16, 11-21, 11-28, 12-19, 14-25, 15-21, 16-7, 17-14, 19-9, 25-9, 36-10
Provisional Revolutionary
Government 21-3, 22-3
South Vietnam 2-22, 4-21, 5-8, 7-31, 8-22, 8-26, 13-21, 20-8, 30-12, 32-8, 37-10, 44-14, 72-65, 116-107
Communist
Issues 21-3, 22-3
Fake FDC
103-91
Flight
Covers
An Airmail Cover that Did Not Fly
47-80
Cambodia 3-9, 33-26
Crash of the Emeraude
52-23
First Flight Cover (SF-HK to
Indo-China) 75-10
Frank Muller Catalog
29-5
Indo-China 10-26, 13-15, 14-32, 29-5, 30-7, 37-25, 39-5, 43-21
Crash
Covers 75-11
First
Airmail 88-33
Laos
3-9, 10-26, 21-17, 31-7
National Air Day 1933
53-48,
(Continued) 55-85, (A Comment On) 58-30
Questions from Jack Dykhouse
68-75
South Vietnam 27-5, 29-5, 32-13, 33-26, 37-12
Cancellations 7-6, 10-9, 11-5, 13-12, 14-16, 16-13, 17-17, 19-22, 20-7, 29-5, 29-13, 30-6, 32-10, 33-4, 34-10, 34-22,
35-4, 39-25, 39-27, 41-17, 42-9, 43-5
Lozenge
Obliterations 34-10, 35-4
Lozenge
Obliterators of French Colonies 1860-92 (note on availability of monograph) 103-88
Machine
Cancels 6-9, 7-19,
13-12
Postmarks
Through 1945 7-11
Rural
Postmarks 7-10, 13-14, 43-19
Catalog 20-18, 21-19, 22-7, 23-18, 24-11, 25-7, 26-6, 28-7, 29-11
Censor Markings
11-5,
12-5, 13-14, 13-18
Charner, Admiral
4-22
Chinese Post Offices
5-7,
6-18, 7-12, 7-34, 7-40, 9-4, 30-5, 33-26, 34-22
Courbet, Admiral
6-17,
15-16
Covers 6-16, 7-4, 7-18, 10-9, 11-5, 11-28, 12-4, 13-11, 14-16, 15-32, 16-13, 17-19, 19-22, 29-13, 30-6, 33-4, 34-22, 39-25, 39-27,40-2, 43-13
Airmail
Cover 121-81, 121-82
Bicycle Race
Cover 42-11, 44-4
Gold is Where
You Find It 91-85
Interesting
Indo-China Military Cover (German in French Foreign Legion)
140-26
Mis-franked
Letters 71-48
Odd Cover from
Hanoi 49-137, (Answer to Query) 50-149
Ports of Call
Covers 27-22, 44-16
Re-valued
Indo-China Issues On Cover 78-63
River Boat
Covers 7-18, 11-7, 29-13
de Behaine, Pigneau
15-16
de Genouilly Issue, Admiral
4-22,
12-10
de Lagree, Doudart
15-16
de Rhodes, Father Alexandre
5-22,
12-9, 15-16
Doumer, Paul 15-16
Dubois Issue (Commerce
Definitives) 117-11
First Flight Covers
10-26,
13-15, 14-32, 29-5, 30-7, 37-25, 39-5,
43-21
First Issue 15-19, 29-18
Garnier, Francis
1-14,
15-16
General Information
5-20,
9-12, 10-10, 15-16, 17-17, 33-5, 37-15
Grasset Issue 7-39, 15-19, 22-7, 23-19
Hue, Imperial City
116-100
Kratt, 1907 67-63, (Update)
70-22
Labels 9-11, 12-16, 29-16, 34-16, 36-14, 37-39
Flight
Label, 40th Anniversary of First Flight in Indo-China
129-24
Hanoi
Fair Exposition Labels
84-70, 133-26
Tourism
Labels 96-69
Mengtzo 5-7, 7-34
Millesime Pairs, Some Observations
on 72-60
Overprints on Native Women
Issues (1922) 129-23
Parcel Post Stamps
47-72
Perfins 70-22, 115-75
Petain Issues 7-4, 13-11
Postal History See Covers
Postal Stationary
5-35
Post Cards 32-10, 40-3, 41-10, 42-9, 43-16
Postal Card Transvaal to
Indo-China 79-82
Public
Execution Post Card (1906)
121-81
Poulo-Condor, Comment on
48-104
Railway & Train Offices
11-5
Registration Marks & Labels in
Indo-China 60-59
Revenue Stamps
7-5,
11-28, 18-12, 19-25, 20-12, 21-10, 21-11, 22-14, 23-13, 24-16, 33-25, 35-7, 35-14, 36-18, 37-4, 37-8, 37-31, 38-9, 42-12
Norodom
Sihanouk Issue 5-7
Specialty Items
7-34,
21-20, 22-9, 23-18,
28-8, 29-12, 35-19
Stung Treng 5-7, 7-34, 32-10
Thai Administration
37-36
Varieties, Scott Numbers
1-2 84-62, 86-99
Vichy Issues 3-16, 6-20, 10-12
Airmail
Stamps 71-46
General Articles
3-8,
5-7, 6-18, 7-12,
7-34, 30-5, 33-25, 34-22, 39-26
Tchongking Overprint Used
47-84
Guides
and Glossaries
Glossary of Naval Terms and
Abbreviations 138-42
Glossary of Postal Terms in
Vietnamese 83-46
Guide to Vietnamese Philatelic
Terminology 97-88, 99-10, 101-49
Guide to Vietnamese Postal and
Philatelic Web Sites
140-5
Investments
1-6, 2-22, 3-11, 5-30,
6-24, 18-3
Kampuchea (see Cambodia)
Aid to War Victims Issue (see Royal Ballet Issues)
Apollo-Soyuz Issue
19-10,
19-13, 20-6, 27-4, 33-21
Bibliography 115-87
Borobudur Issue
19-16,
26-16
Buddha Anniversary Issue, 1956
7-25,
9-15
Cancellations 2-14, 8-27, 9-18, 11-4, 12-11, 13-12, 14-23,
19-5, 24-3, 31-5, 33-4, 34-21, 34-22, 35-5
Bilingual Cancels
136-4
Cease-Fire Cancellation
24-3,
31-9
Postmarks through 1945
7-11
Temporary Postmarks
3-1,
3-9, 10-16, 11-21, 24-3, 31-5
Celebration in Luang Prabang
51-10
Covers 12-11,
21-23, 24-3, 31-9, 36-6, 37-1, 119-52
French
WWI Cover from Laos
78-61
Military
Stampless Cover from Laos
88-35
Dates of Issue
4-17,
5-28
Death of Prince Souphanouvong, the Red
Prince 126-51
Destruction of Lao Stamps
14-30
First Day Covers
3-6,
3-40, 5-3, 7-25, 8-9, 10-16, 11-21, 11-28, 12-19, 14-25, 15-21, 16-7, 17-14, 19-9, 25-9, 36-10
First Flight Covers
3-9,
10-26, 21-17, 31-7
First Issue 1-5,
2-6, 3-4, 4-17, 5-28, 6-2, 13-12, 29-17, 33-6
Freedom From Hunger Issue
6-5,
13-5
French Colonial Allegorical series
120-64
General Information
1-4,
1-13, 2-15, 6-18, 19-4, 21-21, 24-7,
26-3, 27-3, 27-6, 33-6, 34-18
General Survey Articles
5-22,
16-2, 33-5
Adding
Interest to Collecting Laos and Cambodia
140-11
Handbook 1-4, 1-13, 9-15, 12-2, 13-5
Human Rights Issue
8-6,
10-17
Indian Field Post Offices in Indo-China
(1954-1968) 129-17
International Control Commission
1-9,
9-21, 27-3, 34-18, 37-14, 40-26
International Year Against Racism
2-11,
4-14, 16-8
The King is Dead Sic Transit
47-83
LeGuay, Marc 33-11
Malaria Eradication Souvenir Sheet
119-51
Map
2-14, 37-9
Mekong Conference
3-1,
11-4, 24-4
Military Postal System
8-27,
9-18, 22-19, 35-5
Mythology Issues
4-14, 9-24, 16-5, 16-8, 17-14
New Issues (1951-1975)
2-10,
2-11, 4-14, 4-16, 5-10, 9-24, 11-27,
14-23, 15-9, 16-5, 16-7, 15-5, 19-5,
20-6
New Issues (1976-1980)
22-6,
28-43, 32-15, 36-9, 36-19, 37-15, 42-10, 44-28
New Issues (1981-1999)
111-1,
113-57, 113-58, 119-54, 121-85, 121-88, 124-30
Obliteration of Royaume du
21-23
Orchids Issues
4-15,
6-15, 7-41, 9-24, 16-9, 17-14, 28-5
Post Offices 2-16, 13-15
Postal History See Covers
Postal System 2-15, 8-27, 9-18
Printing of Lao Stamps Abroad
60-67
PTT Address 2-5
Revenue Stamps
25-21,
26-31, 35-16
Royal Ballet Issues
2-10,
4-16, 6-4, 6-5, 15-24
Royal Family Dies
101-47
Sisavang Vong Issues
1-5,
3-4, 5-3, 6-1, 8-10, 10-16, 14-25,
24-3, 25-12, 31-5, 37-15, 41-11, 43-12
Specialty Items
6-2,
6-5, 8-6, 10-23, 11-16, 13-6, 26-11, 28-1, 28-39, 31-24, 35-10, 38-1, 38-14, 39-15, 40-22, 41-11, 43-7, 44-23
Photo Proofs
of Laos 139-63
Specimen
Stamps 13-7, 14-15
Stamps Related to Laos
27-3, 28-29, 30-23
Tenth Anniversary
1-4
Thai Administration
37-36
Trend Values for Laotian Stamps (Linns
Stamp News)
128-16
UPU Issues 16-5, 19-5, 19-12, 20-6, 27-4, 33-21
U.S. Bicentennial Issue
19-5,
20-6, 27-4
13-60, 14-4, 14-15, 14-30, 26-5, 37-15
Airlift 17-3
APOs in Vietnam
8-27,
9-21, 14-8, 15-13, 39-12, 43-1, 43-30, 70-32, 71-44
Arromanches 4-18
Australia 1-9, 12-16, 15-15, 21-5, 23-5
Belleau Woods, USS
42-9,
43-4, 44-6
Cambodia
Letters
from the War: PAV in Cambodia
83-53
Namibian
Peacekeeping Forces in Cambodia (U.N.T.A.C)
128-1
Socialist
Republic of Vietnam Forces in Cambodia and Laos 114-64
China
1-9, 9-14, 10-10, 44-10
Canada 11-32, 14-6, 15-4, 15-37, 20-3, 28-26, 30-21, 37-14
Canada
Stationery (I.C.C.S.)
14-10
Chieu Hoi Camps of South Vietnam 139-59
Chinese Communist Military Cover Pro
Viet Cong Cachet 140-25
Day the Mail Stopped (30 April
1975) 133-17
Dixmude, USS 4-18, 43-4, 44-6
Egyptian Connection
94-31
Forwarding of Military Mail
96-59
French Forces
Adding
Interest to Collecting Laos and Cambodia
(French Army Cover)
140-11
French
Campaigns in Indo-China
54-69, 55-79, 56-97, 58-25, 61-85
French
Colonies Military Cover
55-92
French
Expeditionary Forces (Pre-WWI)
5-23, 6-17, 7-6, 7-13, 12-11, 32-10, 33-4, 34-22
French
Expeditionary Forces (Post-WWII)
4-18, 10-10, 13-11, 13-15, 14-16, 42-9, 43-4
French FPO for
Forces Abroad 57-5
French WWI
Cover from Laos 78-61
General Information
1-9,
14-6
Glossary of Naval Terms and
Abbreviations 138-42
Great Britain 1-9, 4-18, 8-18, 9-14
Helgoland 1-9
I.C.C.S. 11-32, 14-1, 14-6, 15-4, 28-16, 37-14
India
1-9, 4-18, 9-21, 27-3, 34-18, 37-14
Indian Field Post Offices in Indo-China
(1954-1968) 129-17
Indo-China
A Word on
Military Postmarks
49-128
Postal Rates
for French Indo-Chinas Military Mails
125-39
Soldiers
Mail 92-107
Indonesia (I.C.C.S.)
14-1,
14-6, 28-27
Interesting Indo-China Military Cover
(German in French Foreign Legion)
140-26
Internal Postage-Free Stamps for
Agricultural Workers
114-59
Japan
1-14, 6-16, 9-14, 12-4, 37-5
Laos
1-14, 12-11, 34-22
Military
Postal System 8-27, 9-18, 22-19, 35-5
Military
Stampless Cover from Laos
88-35
Socialist
Republic of Vietnam Forces in Cambodia and Laos 114-64
Madagascar, Overprinted Stationary
84-71
Military Franchise Stamps
109-78,
110-106, 112-21
New Zealand 4-18
North Vietnam 8-16, 14-16
Captured NVA Cover
130-53
Letters from
the War: PAV in Cambodia
83-53
North
Vietnam/Viet Cong Military Mail/Registry System 129-32
NVA/PAVN
Military Frank Stamps
133-30
Offbeat WWII Cover
81-11
Philippines 1-9
Poland 40-26
Postal Activities of the ICC
104-111
Propaganda Fund-Raising Stamp
111-9,
114-66
Socialist Republic of Vietnam Forces in
Cambodia and Laos 114-64
South Vietnam 11-4, 13-18, 13-19, 20-3
Army of the Republic of
Vietnam: Postal Operations and Military Mails
137-13
Chieu
Hoi Camps 139-59
Decorations
and Medals of the Republic of South Vietnam and Her Allies, 1950-1975
(Review) 136-10
Diem KBC
Envelope 98-108
Military
Cancellations 11-4, 13-19, 20-4, 41-26
Military Post
Office Cancel Numbers
136-7
Naval
Mail of South Vietnam
138-33
Republic of
Vietnam Military Stamp
121-87
Vietnamese
Marine Corps 140-1
Spanish Indo-China
115-82
Stamps Related to the War
1-9,
4-9, 7-33, 17-12, 27-3, 38-23
Thailand 1-9, 9-21, 37-36
British
Field Post Offices (1963-1982)
134-33
United States 1-9, 13-11, 13-26, 14-8, 15-13, 17-3, 27-22,
39-12, 43-1, 43-30, 44-16
Information
Handbill about US POWs/MIAs
114-65
Military Free
Franking Privileges
129-26, 130-54
Viet-Duc Hospital Cards
7-33
West Germany 1-9
Members Needed to Work on Scott
Catalog 138-45
Postal History as an Expertising
Tool 81-3
Viet Cong Postal Material or
Labels? 67-57
Another Viewpoint...
72-69
New Issue Bulletin
72-67,
73-77, 74-100,104, 75-14,17, 76-30,35, 77-54, 78-60,72, 79-89, 96-72
New & Recent Issues
58-32,
59-51, 61-86, 66-45
Asia
96-67
Cambodia 118-35
Kampuchea
44-27
Khmer
Republic 4-14, 5-10, 9-24, 11-27, 24-23, 15-9, 16-5, 25-5
Ho Chi Minh Commemorated on Cuban
stamp 111-17
Laos
2-10, 2-11, 4-14, 5-10, 9-24, 11-27, 14-23, 15-9, 16-5, 16-7, 17-5, 19-5, 20-6, 22-6, 28-43, 32-15, 36-9, 36-19, 37-15, 42-10, 44-28, 47-86, 49-134, 52-31, 56-99, 65-47
Vietnam
North Vietnam
4-16, 5-11, 6-23, 10-24, 11-27, 14-23, 15-9, 16-5
Provisional
Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam
10-25, 21-3
South
Vietnam 4-15, 5-11, 9-25, 11-27, 14-5, 14-23, 15-9, 16-5
More Unissued South Vietnamese Stamps
Appear 72-57
Some
"New" Issues 54-61
Soviet-Vietnamese
Treaty of Friendship Issue
116-106
Socialist
Republic of Vietnam 36-10, 39-19, 41-13, 44-29, 45-27, 47-85, 48-117, 54-73
Eight Recent
Issues 69-10
New Issues
Program (1990-1991) 118-33
New Issues
Program (1992-1993) 117-17
Ordering New
Issues 117-16
Army of the Republic of Vietnam: Postal
Operations and Military Mails
137-13
August Revolution
9-8,
9-13, 12-4
Cancellations 14-8, 28-23, 37-11, 40-11
Communist Party Issues
7-36
Covers 1-12, 28-23, 37-11, 40-11
Captured
NVA Cover 130-53
Democratic Republic of Vietnam
(1945-1946) 125-43
Dien Bien Phu 9-9, 13-11, 14-16
Official -
Early Use 104-116
Early Imperforate Issues of North
Vietnam 137-30
More
Facts about Imperforate Early Issues of North Vietnam 138-57
Embargo 4-12, 5-29, 22-3, 39-24
Error
7-3
Financial Instruments of
Indo-China 131-62
First Issue 5-13, 10-11, 14-19
Franchise Stamps
8-16
General Information
9-8,
12-5, 14-16, 37-9, 38-20
Hanoi Postal Service
84-63
Ha Long Bay Issue
6-6
Hard Times In Vietnam Affect
Philately 93-13
Ho Chi Minh 9-8, 9-12, 10-10, 14-16
Ho Chi Minh
Bogus Issue 14-21, 40-24
Ho Chi Minh
Stamps Never in North Vietnam
93-12
Hong Von Thu 7-38
Internal Postage-free Stamps for
Agricultural Workers
114-59
Le Hong Phong 7-36
Mac Thi Buoi Reprints
104-110
Marshall Tran Issue
7-35
Military Franchise Stamps
109-78,
110-106
Military Mail 8-16
New Album for Democratic Republic of
Vietnam 125-43
New Issues 4-16, 5-11, 6-23, 10-24, 11-27, 14-23, 15-9,
16-5
Ngo Gin Tu 7-38
Nguyen Trai 16-12
Nguyen Van Cu 7-36
Nguyen Van Hieu
6-6
Nguyen Van Trai
4-16
North Vietnam Number 1 (The Two
Types) 75-13, 84-70
Error
Inquiry 103-98
Overprint
Settings 135-45
North Vietnam/Viet Cong Military
Mail/Registry System
129-32
NVA/PAVN Military Frank Stamps
133-30
Orchid Issues 29-4, 39-20
Other Postal Charges
123-1
Postal History See Covers
Postal
Stationery 14-19, 28-23
Postal System 6-11, 8-16, 14-16, 37-9, 40-10
Postage Dues 123-1
POW Mail 6-22
Revenue Stamps 36-18, 37-16, 42-20
Stamps Related to Vietnam
1-10, 4-8, 7-33, 28-14
Tran Hung Dao 7-35
Tran Phu 7-36
Unissued Imperforate Proofs
133-23
Viet Cong and NVA Forces BAO DAM Registry Labels 126-47
Viet-Duc Hospital Cards
7-33
Vietnam Democratic Republics Rarest Stamp? 72-68, 74-103
Vietnam Locals? 81-12, 82-33, 83-49
Vietnam's Family Postal Cards
71-39
Covers 9-21, 20-17, 21-23, 24-19, 34-22
General Information
Cold Facts No 1-9, 19-21, 26-3, 27-6, 34-18; 43-15
Issue of 1961 4-3, 5-28, 9-21, 19-8, 34-22
Issue of 1974 17-1, 17-11
Canada (I.C.C.S.)
14-10
Clarification of a Listing
55-90
French Indo-China
5-35
Postal
Stationery 58-28, 59-46, 61-84
12-cent Maroon
Postal Stationery Card? 137-28
Indonesia (I.C.C.S.)
14-10
North Vietnam 14-19, 28-23
South Vietnam 13-20, 14-19, 15-9, 5-10, 16-15, 18-7, 20-4, 20-11, 23-17, 28-23
Postal Card Transvaal to
Indo-China 79-82
Public
Execution Post Card (1906)
121-81
Question on Photo Card
103-98
Vietnam's Family Postal Cards
71-39
North Vietnam Unissued Imperforate
Proofs 133-23
Photo Proofs of Laos
139-63
Printers Die Proofs (South Vietnam
Early Issues) 111-17
Unissued Stamps of South Vietnam
101-45
1-15, 2-6, 3-8, 3-15, 4-17, 5-28, 6-23, 11-4, 12-16, 15-15 105-16, 111-9, 113-49, 113-50, 126-55, 131-60, 133-23, 133-27, 135-49
Jacques Desrousseaux, A Question from
(Indo-China) 64-29
Annam Issue of 1890
35-7,
36-18, 37-4, 38-21
Birth Certificate
36-17
Cinnamon Tax Stamp
37-4,
38-21
Catalog 18-11, 19-25, 20-12, 21-11, 22-14, 23-13, 24-16, 25-21, 26-17, 27-19, 28-30, 38-9, 42-12, 42-26
Corrections/Additions
21-10,
28-35, 33-25, 35-14
Definitions 37-31
Forgeries 7-5, 42-12
French Colonies Revenue Catalogue
117-10,
118-32, 119-50, 121-86
General Information
37-8,
37-31
Indo-China Revenue Stamps
64-24,
75-3
Addenda
74-93
An Update
60-65
Printing
of 114-69
Passport Stamp
37-16
Questions 11-3, 34-13, 36-18, 37-16
Shopkeeper Tax Stamps
40-14
Saigon Municipal Tax Stamps
(1958-1975) 128-11, 129-20
Sales
Division
1-8, 1-18, 2-4, 18-24, Cold
Facts No 1-12
1997 Issue for Sedang
135-48
Bibliography 132-4
General Information
5-23,
6-20, 25-3, 34-5, 135-48
Notes on King Marie of Sedang
45-30
Americas 99 140-10
CAPEX Report 88-31
Pacific 97 (Message from
President) 137-27
Philexfrance 54-66, 54-74
Awards 114-68, 118-32, 119-43, 120-71, 121-85, 133-22
Back Issues 29-15,
30-22, 42-25
Best-in-Show Awards
16-15,
17-5, 26-16, 29-10, 30-4, 30-24, 32-3, 33-8, 38-8, 44-5
Bylaws 2-25
Code of Ethics
37-19, 39-4
Index ICP 1971-80 Part 1
63-13
Index ICP 1971-80 Part 2
64-30
Index ICP 1991-1997
140
New Issue Service
2-4, 4-14, 15-5, 15-38, 16-3
Photographic Service
28-4
Receipts & Expenditures
9-7,
15-35, Cold Facts No 1-6
SICP Convention
58-24,
60-56
1983 Convention - A Report
63-9
Society Seal 3-3, 5-1, 8-8
Aerogrammes 13-20, 15-10, 16-15, 18-7, 20-4
Airmail Issue (1952)
47-67
Souvenir
Booklet 79-85
Album for South Vietnam
124-24,
124-27, 125-43
Armed Forces Day
5-10,
5-11
His Majesty Bao-Dai, 13
th
and Last Emperor of the Nguyen Dynasty of Vietnam 136-1
Bao Long Printers Die Proofs
111-3,
116-105
Booklets 1-6, 2-6, 5-8, 7-32, 8-20, 12-15, 12-16,
16-15, 19-17, 30-19, 32-5, 33-10, 35-11,
37-30, 97-75, 98-100, 100-28, 101-39
Bulletin 2-22
Cachets 8-21, (see also
Cancellations, First Day Covers)
Cancellations 7-19, 13-12, 13-19, 18-4, 20-8, 21-3, 24-6,
28-23, 40-25, 41-26
Machine
Cancellations 7-19, 13-13,
24-6
Chieu Hoi Camps of South Vietnam
139-59
Coil Stamps 31-17, 32-5, 33-10
Color Variety Scott 339-42
103-89
Communist Government
18-4,
39-23 (see also Cancellations, First
Day Covers)
Covers
1960
Vietnam National Assembly Issue/Cover?
137-29
Hotel
Covers 139-67
Dates of Issue
2-22,
5-8, 7-30
Fake
SVN FDC 103-91
First Flight Covers
27-5,
29-5, 32-13, 33-26, 37-12
First Issues, 1951
1-6,
2-22, 7-30, 12-14, 13-12, 30-12, 37-10,
44-14
Franchise Stamps
13-19,
20-3
Free Franking 41-26, 42-5
General Information
8-28,
16-13, 19-20, 25-14, 27-15, 28-19, 37-9,
38-16
Three
Periods of History of South Vietnam Viewed Through the Stamps
136-5
Indian Field Post Offices in Indo-China
(1954-1968) 129-17
Labels 4-19, 4-21, 8-21, 12-16, 20-9, 34-14, 36-16, 86-100
Non-Postal
Vignettes (Labels) of South Vietnam
111-10
Land Reform Issues
4-19,
4-20, 8-21, 20-8, 25-15, 34-14
Meter
13-13, 18-5, 21-6, 24-6, 39-23Midway Island (1969)
124-29
Military Post Office Cancel
Numbers 136-7
Orchid Issue 29-3
Passage To Freedom
53-41
Postage Stamp Catalog
15-32
Propaganda Fund-Raising Stamp
111-9,
114-66
Question on 290b
75-16
General Revenue Issues of
South Vietnam 129-24, 130-45, 131-57, 134-43
Saigon Fair (Response to Query)
79-87
Saigon Municipal Tax Stamps
(1958-1975) 128-11, 129-20
Specialty Items
33-7,
34-22, 43-23, 44-22
Stamps Related to Vietnam
1-10,
28-14, 29-10, 29-18, 30-23, 32-12, 38-23
Second-Printing Issues of South
Vietnam 96-57
Thieu Issues 24-15,
27-4, 34-15, 52-32
Traditional Theater Issue
28-19
Tripartite Vietnam
45-19,
46-47
Trung Sisters 2-13, 4-4, 34-15
Turtle Issue 19-20
Unissued Stamps
33-7,
34-22, 43-23, 44-22
More
Unissued South Vietnamese Stamps Appear
72-57
Proofs
101-45
Varieties 18-36, 36-20
Veterans Day 8-23
Vietnam - A Final Chapter
47-75
Vietnam Collection Needs Three ...
94-27
Vietnam - Two Questions
70-22
Vietnamese Issues...Nguyen-Trai
78-67
Vietnamese Marine Corps
140-1
Vietnam's Family Postal Cards
71-39
Wandering Souls Issue
25-14
Wedding Issue 1-7, 27-15
Postmarks Through 1945
7-11
Travel and
International Collecting
A Matter of Being Too Busy (Buying
Stamps in Phnom Penh 1956)
62-101
Bangkok Bargains
69-15
Buying Stamps in Moscow
74-101
Philately in Vietnam
68-76
Recent Visit to Indo-China
91-87
Shopping a Flea Market in Holland
92-104
Travel in Laos (1966)
114-71
Travel in Vietnam
112-39
Viet Cong (see
National Liberation Front)
Bogus Viet Minh Stamps
88-32,
89-48
Ho Chi Minh
Bogus Issue 14-21, 40-24
Early Issues
of North/Central Vietnam
134-44
Catalog 3-18
Covers 3-15, 9-12, 10-10, 12-4, 13-11, 14-16, 40-10
LKV Covers
1952 87-8
Postally Used
Viet Minh Cover (1951)
121-80
Democratic Republic of Vietnam
Overprints on French Indo-China (1945-1946)
3-18, 5-13, 5-29, 6-13, 9-14, 10-10, 12-7, 28-22, 37-24, 40-10, 125-43
General Information
4-18,
9-12, 10-10, 13-11
LKV Information
89-45
New" Viet Minh Stamps
83-41,
84-68
Postal History See Covers
Viet Cong Postal Material or
Labels? 67-57
Viet Minh Issue Update
86-102
Viet Minh Philatelic Problem
93-10,
94-33
Vietnam
Socialist Republic (see also Military Forces, North Vietnam)
1995 Vietnam Guide Pricelist
127-96
Capitalist Tax
137-31,
138-58
Covers Indo-Info No 1-6, 21-6, 38-16
High
Postage Rate Cover
99-16
Early Items (1976)
18-4,
21-5, 39-21, 39-23
Embargo (US) on Vietnamese Stamps
19-24
End of US
Embargo 124-23, 124-25,
38-16
Financial Instruments of
Indo-China 131-62
Five-Year Plan Series
61-82
Forces in Cambodia and Laos
114-64
Free Franking 42-5
From Pillar to Post
93-9
General Information
41-8
Military Franchise Stamps
110-106
New Issues 36-10, 39-19, 41-13, 44-29, 82-30, 105-3, 106-17, 107-35, 110-115, 112-21, 117-1, 117-17, 118-33, 122-122, 124-25
Current
Stamps of Vietnam 66-39
Notes on Some
Vietnamese Issues Since 1976
79-75
Ordering New
Issues 117-16, 121-86
Postage
Stamp Releases 1985-1988
89-52
Other Postal Charges
123-1,
124-17
Philately in Vietnam
68-76
Postal Codes in the Socialist Republic
of Vietnam 127-96
Postal History See Covers
Postal Politics 1986
81-7
Postal Sector of the Vietnamese
Economy 81-14
Printing and Dates of Issue
105-14
Revenue Stamps
36-17,
42-27
Rising Cost of Postal Services
91-86,
96-66
Socialist Republic of Vietnam Forces in
Cambodia and Laos 114-64
Socialist Republic of Vietnam Unissued
Set 88-30, 89-48
Soviet-Vietnamese Treaty of Friendship
Issue 116-106
Travel in Vietnam
112-39
Unissued Stamps
107-37
Unusual Stamps (Series: Vietnam - Some
Offbeat Issues) 51-5, 52-27, 57-10, 59-39, 61-75, 66-42, 70-29, 76-21, 82-21, 83-39, 84-57, 86-95, 87-3, 88-21, 89-37, 91-75, 92-93, 93-1, 94-19, 97-83, 98-91, 99-1, 100-19, 103-81, 104-99
Vietnamese Postal Sector Report
Card 73-88, 74-105
Who Will Carry The Mail?
86-108
- o -